Things to remember

A brief summary of the concepts learned.

Test Your Knowledge

  1. The process by which the volcanic island Surtsey has progressed from bare lava in 1963 to an island with vegetation and animal life today is known as
    1.   primary succession
    2.   a climax community
    3.   secondary succession
    4.   an extinction event
  2. Deforestation has the effect of
    1. decreasing biodiversity
    2. increasing atmospheric oxygen, O2
    3. increasing soil loss through erosion
    4. increasing atmospheric CO2
    5. contributing to global
3.  The water cycle process labeled #4 is
  1.   evaporation
  2.   precipitation
  3.   condensation
  4.   transpiration
4. Based on the diagram, the greatest amount of energy (and biomass) in a healthy ecosystem will be found in the
  1.   secondary consumers
  2.   tertiary consumers
  3.   producers
  4.   primary consumers
5.Wastes and dead organisms from this food chain will be fed upon by
  1.   decomposers
  2.   autotrophs
  3.   tertiary consumers
  4.   herbivores
6. A foreign species of organism, introduced into a new ecosystem, will not become invasive unless
  1. people help care for them until they adapt
  2. pregnant females are released
  3. it is well suited to the habitat into which it is being released
  4. there is an available niche, or a weaker competitor occupies that niche
  5. the population is sufficiently large to allow for natural breeding

7.  Most extinctions occurring on the planet today are due to
    1.   loss of habitat
    2.   global warming
    3.   invasive species
    4.   hunting
8. The burning of fossil fuels
  1.   releases O2 and requires CO2
  2.   requires O2 and releases CO2
  3.   releases O2 and CO2
  4.   requires O2 and CO2
9. Assume that a human can choose from any of the three organisms above as a source of nutrition. Which of the food sources provides the most efficient transfer of energy from the sun to us?
    1.   Eat the steer!
    2.   Eat the wolf!
    3.   Eat the corn!
10. In the growth curve shown above, the red line indicates
    1.   the y-intercept
    2.   the reproductive rate
    3.   K, the carrying capacity
    4.   the death rate
11. In addition to helping to remove nitrogenous wastes, the plants in the aquarium provide the fish with
    1.   nitrogen
    2.   bacteria
    3.   carbon dioxide
    4.   oxygen
12. An organism that feeds only on heterotrophs is a(n)
    1.   omnivore
    2.   primary consumer
    3.   carnivore
    4.   herbivore
    5.   autotroph
13. The water cycle process labeled #2 is
    1.   precipitation
    2.   transpiration
    3.   condensation
    4.   evaporation
14. On the African savanna, large herbivores such as elephant and giraffe would be found in
    1.   Trophic level C
    2.   Trophic level B
    3.   Trophic level D
    4.   Trophic level A
15. The water cycle process labeled #1 is
    1.   condensation
    2.   precipitation
    3.   transpiration
    4.   evaporation
16. The image above is a population graph from the predator-prey game. Green indicates grass, blue indicates rabbits, and red indicates wolves. In this graph, the factor controlling the population of rabbits is:
    1.   the presence of predators and the availability of food
    2.   competition from other herbivores
    3.   the presence of predators
    4.   the availability of food

Picture

17. The water cycle process labeled #3 is
    1.   evaporation
    2.   condensation
    3.   transpiration
    4.   precipitation
18. In this diagram the predator is coded in ____________ and the prey is coded in ____________.
    1.   red / blue
    2.   blue / red
19. Organisms that can feed on autotrophs as well as on heterotrophs are known as
    1.   omnivores
    2.   producers
    3.   herbivores
    4.   carnivores
    5.   primary consumers
20. The most efficient transfer of energy to the artic cod occurs when it feeds on
    1.   harbour seals
    2.   carnivorous zooplankton
    3.   harp seals
    4.   herbivorous zooplankton
21. Processes #2 and #5 add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere by means of
    1.   respiration
    2.   evapotranspiration
    3.   deamination
    4.   photosynthesis
    5.   decomposition
22. The food chain above shows
    1.   one producer and two omnivores
    2.   one autotroph and two heterotrophs
    3.   one heterotroph and two autotrophs
    4.   one producer, one autotroph, and one decomposer
23. Which of the following is the formula for determining the rate of growth of a population?
    1.   (birth rate - death rate) + immigration rate + emigration rate
    2.   birth rate + death rate + immigration rate + emigration rate
    3.   (birth rate + immigration rate) - (death rate + emigration rate)
    4.   (immigration rate + emigration rate) - (death rate + birth rate)
24. If the ecosystem above was contaminated with the pesticide DDT, the highest concentration of DDT in fish and pelicans would be found in
    1.   blood
    2.   muscle
    3.   fat tissue
    4.   bone tissue
25. Ants are known to protect, or "tend" aphids from predators, and in return receive some nutrients from the aphids. This relationship is an example of

    1.   parasitism
    2.   commensalism
    3.   mutualism
    4.   sexual selection
26. Most people have pesticides and other environmental contaminants in their body. This is an example of
    1.   healthy eating
    2.   bioamplification
    3.   biomagnification
    4.   bioaccumulation
27. Examples of symbiotic relationships include (choose one or more)
  1.  mutualism
  2. parasitism
  3. cannabalism
  4.  commensalism
  5. All of the Above

28. The plant shown here is Russian thistle, better known as tumbleweed. It was accidentally introduced into the United States in the nineteenth century in contaminated flax seed. The fact that it has spread throughout the western United States suggests that
  (choose one or more)
  1. it is being farmed as an agricultural crop
  2. it is an attractive garden plant
  3. regions of Russia have a climate similar to the western United States
  4. it has an efficient seed dispersal mechanism
29. During a particularly hot summer, the smallest change in temperature would likely be noted in
    1.   temperate forests
    2.   deserts
    3.   oceans
    4.   temperate grasslands
30. Substances #1 and #2 are
  1. carbon dioxide
  2. oxygen
  3. glucose
  4. water
31. In a healthy ecosystem, trophic level "A" will be composed of
  1. producers
  2. carnivores
  3. herbivores
  4. heterotrophs
  5. autotrophs
32. Starlings, sparrows and other European birds were introduced into the United States during the 1890's, when they were released in New York's Central Park by
    1.   alien life forms
    2.   mad scientists
    3.   crazy Spongebob Squarepants fans
    4.   evil Shakespeare fans
33. Organisms that obtain energy directly from photosynthesis are known as
    1.   autotrophs
    2.   primary consumers
    3.   herbivores
    4.   heterotrophs
34. Which of the following is an example of a community?
    1.   All of the organisms living within a lake.
    2.   All of the grass in a meadow.
    3.   All of the geese in the world.
    4.   All of the animals in North America.
35. After a forest fire, the first signs of ecological recovery occur with the appearance of
    1.   grasses and small shrubs
    2.   predators
    3.   trees
    4.   large herbivores
36. The caterpillar pictured here has wasp pupae attached that will hatch and then consume the caterpillar. This relationship is an example of

    1.   sexual selection
    2.   parasitism
    3.   commensalism
    4.   mutualism
37. Which of the following has only ONE food source depicted in this web?
  1. harp seal
  2. ringed seal
  3. artic char
  4. polar bear
  5. killer whale
38. The growth curve above indicates that in this population
    1.   births + emigration = deaths + immigration
    2.   the ecosystem must be at its carrying capacity
    3.   births + immigration = deaths + emigration
    4.   extinction has occurred
39. The producer in this food web is the
    1.   phytoplankton
    2.   capelin
    3.   herbiverous zooplankton
    4.   polar bear
40. According to the 10% rule, compared to the osprey, the perch has
    1.   1/10 the energy available
    2.   10x more energy available
    3.   1/100 the energy available
    4.   100x more energy available
    5.   20x more energy available
41. Missing from this food chain are
    1.   heterotrophs
    2.   consumers
    3.   producers
    4.   carnivores
42. Invasive species may harm an ecosystem by
  1. introducing new diseases
  2. providing humans with a new food source
  3. altering habitat
  4. outcompeting native species

43. When the fish is provided with so much food that it cannot eat all of it, the excess food
    1.   kills bacteria
    2.   helps to remove nitrogenous wastes from the aquarium
    3.   adds to the nitrogenous wastes in the aquarium
    4.   can be absorbed by the plant for photosynthesis
44. 
  1. In addition to carbon dioxide, what chemical compound is released into the atmosphere as a result of processes #2 and #5
    1.   oxygen, O2
    2.   phosphate, PO43-
    3.   water, H2O
    4.   evapotranspiration
    5.   ammonia, NH3
45. If the ecosystem above was contaminated with the pesticide DDT, the highest concentration of DDT would be found in
    1.   small fish
    2.   the sea water
    3.   microscopic organisms
    4.   pelicans
46. Substances #3 and #4 are
  1. oxygen
  2. glucose
  3. water
  4. carbon dioxide
47. Most climate models predict that during this century, the average temperature
    1.   on land will increase, and the average ocean temperatures will decrease
    2.   on land will decrease, as will the average ocean temperatures
    3.   on land will increase, as will the average ocean temperatures
    4.   on land will decrease, and the average ocean temperatures will increase
48. There is about 100x more energy stored in trophic level A than in
    1.   trophic level C
    2.   trophic level B
    3.   trophic level D
    4.   trophic levels B, C and D combined
49. Which of the following IS NOT a greenhouse gas?
    1.   carbon dioxide, CO2
    2.   oxygen, O2
    3.   methane, CH4
    4.   water vapor
50. Ultimately, all of the energy in most food chains or food webs comes from
    1.   the producers
    2.   the carnivores
    3.   the oceans
    4.   the sun
51. An organism whose removal from an ecosystem may cause the collapse of that ecosystem is known as a(n)
    1.   tertiary consumer
    2.   dominant predator
    3.   keystone species
    4.   herbivore
52.
  1. As the air temperature increases, the rate of process #3 _______________ and the rate of process #1 ______________.
    1.   increases / increases
    2.   increases / decreases
    3.   decreases / increases
    4.   decreases / increases
53. Nitrospira and nitrosomonas are
    1.   fungi
    2.   bacteria
    3.   small fish
    4.   plants
54. The image above is a population graph from the predator-prey game. Green indicates grass, blue indicates rabbits, and red indicates wolves. The rapid growth in grass shown at the right of the graph is probably due to:
    1.   wolves becoming extinct
    2.   wolves controlling the rabbit population
    3.   rabbits going on diets
    4.   rabbits becoming extinct
55. Missing from this food web are
    1.   decomposers
    2.   producers
    3.   primary consumers
    4.   carnivores
56. The growth curve shown above is an example of
    1.   exponential growth
    2.   a predator-prey relationship
    3.   logistic growth
    4.   extinction
57. The image above is a population graph from the predator-prey game. Green indicates grass, blue indicates rabbits, and red indicates wolves. Wolves appear to have gone extinct because:
    1.   other predators replaced them
    2.   they ran out of grass to eat
    3.   they starved after eating all of the rabbits
    4.   there was no grass for rabbits to eat
58. Food webs differ from food chains in that they
    1.   show the distribution of biomass within an ecosystem
    2.   show more of the available feeding relationships in an ecosystem
    3.   identify the keystone species within an ecosystem
    4.   show the actual movement of energy within the ecosystem
59. A relationship between two organisms of different species in which one benefits, while the other neither benefits nor is harmed:
    1.   parasitism
    2.   mutualism
    3.   symbiosis
    4.   commensalism
60. Of the organisms depicted above, the one that would likely be found in the smallest number within the ecosystem is the
    1.   bleak
    2.   perch
    3.   northern pike
    4.   osprey
    5.   freshwater shrimp
61. The source of the carbon in fossil fuels is
    1.   ammonia from proteins
    2.   ocean water
    3.   limestone deposits
    4.   dead plant and animal matter
62. Which of the following is an example of a population?
    1.   All of the trees in a forest
    2.   All of the mammals in a forest
    3.   All of the raccoons in a forest
    4.   All of the raccoons in North America
63. A golden eagle picks the carcass of a wild boar that was killed by wolves in the 30 km (18 miles) exclusion zone around the Chernobyl nuclear reactor near the village of Babchin some 370 km (217 miles) southeast of Minsk February 3, 2008. Wildlife in the exclusion zone has been teeming despite radiation. If one were to study organisms in the area, which of these indicates the probable order of increasing concentrations of radiation in living tissue?

    1.   wolves --→ wild boar --→ plants
    2.   wolves --→ plants --→ wild boar
    3.   plants --→ wild boar --→ wolves
    4.   wild boar --→ plants --→ wolves
64. Process #1 removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by means of
    1.   photosynthesis
    2.   evapotranspiration
    3.   respiration
    4.   deamination
    5.   decomposition
65. The growth curve shown above is an example of
    1.   a predator-prey relationship
    2.   extinction
    3.   logistic growth
    4.   exponential growth
66. The processes of photosynthesis and respiration are tied together in
    1.   the nitrogen cycle
    2.   the nitrogen cycle and water cycle
    3.   the carbon cycle and oxygen cycle
    4.   the phosphorus cycle
67. As this diagram indicates, human population is distributed in a pattern of
    1.   uniform dispersion
    2.   random dispersion
    3.   clumped dispersion
68. The land shown in the picture was once cultivated farmland. The process being shown here is
    1.   secondary succession
    2.   extinction
    3.   primary succession
    4.   invasion
69. As a population grows, factors that slow or limit the growth of the population include
  1. disease and parasitism
  2. immigration
  3. competition for resources
  4. predation
70. Bees collect nectar from flowers, and serve as pollinators for the plants. This relationship is an example of
    1.   mutualism
    2.   predator-prey
    3.   commensalism
    4.   parasitism